Electrons are very small sized particles are negatively charged and move around the nucleus of the atom or nucleus (nucleus). Positively charged protons in the nucleus.
Electronics is a science or technology related to the functions of the electron, also with the development and application komponem, circuits, and equipment associated with this technology. (Transistors, diodes, IC (Integrated Circuit), and the microprocessor are some examples of its application.)IC and microprocessor built from electronic components such as transistors and diodes. Electronic equipment has been largely replaced mechanical equipment of the past.
Electronic equipment can be designed with more functions and form much more compact than mechanical equipment.
Semiconductors are materials that have a higher resistance than a good conductor such as copper or iron, but a lower resistance than an insulator such as rubber or glass.The two most common semiconductor materials used are germanium (Ge) and silicon (Si). However, in its pure form, these two materials can not be used as a semiconductor. Therefore, the purity levels must be reduced in order to be used.
Characteristics of semiconductor:
= When the temperature increases, the electric resistance is reduced.
= Ability penghantarannya (conductivity) increases electricity when mixed with some other specific materials.
= Electrical resistance changes when exposed to the influence by light, magnetic, or mechanical pressure.
= Will give off light when given voltage, and others.
Semiconductors can be divided into two types:
Type N and Type P.
N-type semiconductor comprising the base material or substrate of silicon (Si) or germanium (Ge), which has been in-'cemari 'little arsenic (As) or phosphorus (P), to provide many free electrons that can move through the silicon or germanium witheasy to provide an electric current."N" of n-type semiconductor is an abbreviation of "negative".
On the other hand, the p type semiconductor substrate composed of silicon (Si) or germanium (Ge) which has been mixed with gallium (Ga) or indium (In) to provide the "holes" which can be referred to as "missing electrons", and serves as a positive charge flowing in the opposite direction from the direction of movement of free electrons."P" in P type semiconductor is an abbreviation of "positive".Semiconductor diode is the result of combining N-type semiconductor and the type of P.
There are several types of diodes:
Ordinary Diode
1. Description
Ordinary diode drain current to one direction only: from side to side P N.
2. Characteristics
It takes a minimum voltage to drain current from side to side P N.Here are some examples of voltage needed:Silicon Diode (A): Approximately 0.3VGermanium Diode (B): Approximately 0.7VCurrent will not flow when a voltage is applied to the opposite direction (from side to side N P).Although there is very little current flows, called leakage backflow (reverse leakage current), it is considered there is no current flow because it does not affect the work of the actual circuit.However, if there are leaks behind voltse increasing, then the flow of electrical current through the diode is allowed to rise suddenly.This phenomenon is called the breakdown diode, the voltage being used is called the breakdown voltage.Ordinary rectifying diode has been used as a rectifier rectifying or alternator.
Zener Diode
1. Description
In addition to a current to the forward direction as well as ordinary diodes, Zener diode is also a current of the reverse direction under certain conditions.
2. Characteristics
In the forward direction, current flows from side to side P N through Zener diode as happens in ordinary diode.In the reverse direction, the current exceeds a predetermined voltage flowing through the Zener diode.This is called the Zener voltage, which remains constant without being influenced by the strong electric currents ..Zener diode can be used with different Zener voltage, depending on the application and usefulness.
Zener diode has been used for various purposes, one of the most important is as a voltage regulator for the alternator.Output voltage is controlled continuously by combining the Zener diode in the electrical circuit.
LED (Light-Emitting Diode)
1. Description
LED is the incorporation of PN diode, which is the same as ordinary diode. This diode can emit light when current is flowing through it into the forward direction.LEDs can give off light in different colors like red, yellow and green.
2. Characteristics
LEDs have the following characteristics:
1.Heat emitted less and age longer than ordinary light bulbs.
2.Removing the bright light with little power consumption.
Reacting to the low voltage (high reaction rates).
LEDs are used in height mounted stop lamps, indicator lights, etc..
Photodiode
1. Description
Photodiode is the incorporation of PN diode consisting of semiconductors and lenses.If the voltage applied to the photodiode through the exposed light, there will be reverse flow.Strong currents of electricity will vary according to the amount of light on the photodiode.In other words, the photodiode is able to determine the amount of light to detect the strong currents of the reverse flow when given volatase behind.Photodiode used in solar sensor on the air conditioner, and others.
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Electronics is a science or technology related to the functions of the electron, also with the development and application komponem, circuits, and equipment associated with this technology. (Transistors, diodes, IC (Integrated Circuit), and the microprocessor are some examples of its application.)IC and microprocessor built from electronic components such as transistors and diodes. Electronic equipment has been largely replaced mechanical equipment of the past.
Electronic equipment can be designed with more functions and form much more compact than mechanical equipment.
Semiconductors are materials that have a higher resistance than a good conductor such as copper or iron, but a lower resistance than an insulator such as rubber or glass.The two most common semiconductor materials used are germanium (Ge) and silicon (Si). However, in its pure form, these two materials can not be used as a semiconductor. Therefore, the purity levels must be reduced in order to be used.
Characteristics of semiconductor:
= When the temperature increases, the electric resistance is reduced.
= Ability penghantarannya (conductivity) increases electricity when mixed with some other specific materials.
= Electrical resistance changes when exposed to the influence by light, magnetic, or mechanical pressure.
= Will give off light when given voltage, and others.
Semiconductors can be divided into two types:
Type N and Type P.
N-type semiconductor comprising the base material or substrate of silicon (Si) or germanium (Ge), which has been in-'cemari 'little arsenic (As) or phosphorus (P), to provide many free electrons that can move through the silicon or germanium witheasy to provide an electric current."N" of n-type semiconductor is an abbreviation of "negative".
On the other hand, the p type semiconductor substrate composed of silicon (Si) or germanium (Ge) which has been mixed with gallium (Ga) or indium (In) to provide the "holes" which can be referred to as "missing electrons", and serves as a positive charge flowing in the opposite direction from the direction of movement of free electrons."P" in P type semiconductor is an abbreviation of "positive".Semiconductor diode is the result of combining N-type semiconductor and the type of P.
There are several types of diodes:
Ordinary Diode
1. Description
Ordinary diode drain current to one direction only: from side to side P N.
2. Characteristics
It takes a minimum voltage to drain current from side to side P N.Here are some examples of voltage needed:Silicon Diode (A): Approximately 0.3VGermanium Diode (B): Approximately 0.7VCurrent will not flow when a voltage is applied to the opposite direction (from side to side N P).Although there is very little current flows, called leakage backflow (reverse leakage current), it is considered there is no current flow because it does not affect the work of the actual circuit.However, if there are leaks behind voltse increasing, then the flow of electrical current through the diode is allowed to rise suddenly.This phenomenon is called the breakdown diode, the voltage being used is called the breakdown voltage.Ordinary rectifying diode has been used as a rectifier rectifying or alternator.
Zener Diode
1. Description
In addition to a current to the forward direction as well as ordinary diodes, Zener diode is also a current of the reverse direction under certain conditions.
2. Characteristics
In the forward direction, current flows from side to side P N through Zener diode as happens in ordinary diode.In the reverse direction, the current exceeds a predetermined voltage flowing through the Zener diode.This is called the Zener voltage, which remains constant without being influenced by the strong electric currents ..Zener diode can be used with different Zener voltage, depending on the application and usefulness.
Zener diode has been used for various purposes, one of the most important is as a voltage regulator for the alternator.Output voltage is controlled continuously by combining the Zener diode in the electrical circuit.
LED (Light-Emitting Diode)
1. Description
LED is the incorporation of PN diode, which is the same as ordinary diode. This diode can emit light when current is flowing through it into the forward direction.LEDs can give off light in different colors like red, yellow and green.
2. Characteristics
LEDs have the following characteristics:
1.Heat emitted less and age longer than ordinary light bulbs.
2.Removing the bright light with little power consumption.
Reacting to the low voltage (high reaction rates).
LEDs are used in height mounted stop lamps, indicator lights, etc..
Photodiode
1. Description
Photodiode is the incorporation of PN diode consisting of semiconductors and lenses.If the voltage applied to the photodiode through the exposed light, there will be reverse flow.Strong currents of electricity will vary according to the amount of light on the photodiode.In other words, the photodiode is able to determine the amount of light to detect the strong currents of the reverse flow when given volatase behind.Photodiode used in solar sensor on the air conditioner, and others.
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